Sun-Tracking Solar System

This project maximizes solar panel efficiency by automatically rotating the panel to face the sun throughout the day using real-time light sensing and servo actuation.


🔧 Tech Stack

  • Microcontroller: STM32 (ARM Cortex-M series)
  • Sensors: Light-sensing diodes (LDRs)
  • Control: Direction-switching IC (exact chip name TBD)
  • Actuation: Servo motors
  • Firmware: Bare-metal C

What It Does

The system detects sunlight intensity from multiple angles using light-sensing diodes. Based on this input, it determines where the sun is and rotates the panel toward it using dual-axis motion.

The goal: maximize solar energy capture without using GPS or time-based algorithms.


Highlights

  • Dual-axis tracking for full daylight coverage
  • Real-time analog feedback from LDRs
  • Efficient energy usage: Only moves when the sun’s position changes significantly
  • Improved yield: Up to 30% more solar energy compared to fixed panels
  • Low-cost components, designed with scalability in mind for rural deployment

What I Learned

  • Fine-tuning analog signal thresholds in harsh sunlight
  • Using PWM with STM32 timers for motor control
  • Balancing responsiveness with power efficiency
  • Debugging servo jitter and feedback noise

This system is still evolving. I’m exploring adding weather-awareness, IoT logging, and auto-calibration based on seasonal shifts.

📌 Follow along weekly right here or catch me on LinkedIn. I’m documenting the grind so you don’t have to make the same mistakes I did.